Research into effective therapeutic solutions for SARS-CoV-19 is ongoing, a direct response to its high mortality rate. This disease's progression, driven by inflammation, culminates in significant lung tissue destruction and, ultimately, death. In view of this, medicinal compounds or methods that control or counteract the inflammatory processes are crucial. Mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (INF-γ), and the inflammatory pathways including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), toll-like receptors (TLRs), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), trigger cellular apoptosis, reduce respiratory function and oxygenation, ultimately causing respiratory failure and death. Hypercholesterolemia is effectively managed by statins, which may also prove beneficial in treating COVID-19 due to their multifaceted effects, including their anti-inflammatory properties. This chapter addresses the anti-inflammatory capabilities of statins and their possible beneficial applications in the context of COVID-19 treatment. From Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library, data were collected from experimental and clinical studies conducted in English between 1998 and October 2022.
A gel-like substance, yellowish to white, known as royal jelly, is consumed by queen bees, a superfood. The health benefits of royal jelly are believed to be due, in part, to compounds such as 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid and crucial royal jelly proteins. Royal jelly's therapeutic advantages extend to specific medical conditions, including cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, multiple sclerosis, and diabetes. The substance's effects include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory actions. This chapter scrutinizes the potential effects of royal jelly in managing COVID-19.
The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic's initial emergence in China spurred pharmacists to quickly create and deploy strategies for pharmaceutical care and supply. In the framework of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) guidelines, clinical and hospital pharmacists, as integral members of patient care teams, are essential to the pharmaceutical care of COVID-19 patients. To more effectively combat the disease during this pandemic, immuno-enhancing adjuvant agents, alongside antivirals and vaccines, have taken on a crucial role. medicinal resource The liquid extract harvested from the Pelargonium sidoides plant is applied to a diverse array of conditions, including common ailments such as colds, coughs, upper respiratory tract infections, sore throats, and acute bronchitis. The plant root extract has been found to possess both antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. Melatonin's involvement in mitigating the cytokine storm, a characteristic of COVID-19, is further underscored by its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. pediatric neuro-oncology COVID-19's propensity for symptom severity and duration to change significantly over a 24-hour period, or during various periods, indicates that a chronotherapeutic approach is vital for effectively managing this illness. Our approach to acute and long-duration COVID involves meticulously coordinating the medication regimen to coincide with the patient's inherent biological rhythm. This chapter's extensive review covers existing and emerging studies on the chronobiological use of Pelargonium sidoides and melatonin in response to both acute and chronic COVID-19.
Hyper-inflammatory responses and immune system deficiencies are conditions for which curcumin has been traditionally employed as a remedy. The bioavailability of curcumin, a compound found in turmeric, can be amplified by the presence of piperine, a bioactive element in black pepper. This research explores the effects of curcumin and piperine administered together on SARS-CoV-2 patients who are being treated in the intensive care unit.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial of curcumin-piperine efficacy: forty COVID-19 ICU patients received three curcumin (500mg)-piperine (5mg) capsules or placebo daily for seven days.
Following a week of intervention, the curcumin-piperine group exhibited a significant reduction in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p=0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.003), alongside an increase in hemoglobin (p=0.003), compared to the placebo group. The curcumin-piperine regimen, compared to the placebo, did not significantly alter the measured biochemical, hematological, and arterial blood gas levels; the 28-day mortality rate remained constant at three patients in each group (p=0.99).
Curcumin-piperine supplementation, administered for a brief period, demonstrably reduced CRP, AST levels, and boosted hemoglobin in COVID-19 ICU patients, as per the study's findings. These promising discoveries suggest curcumin could be a complementary treatment strategy for individuals with COVID-19, although some measured factors were not affected by the intervention.
Curcumin-piperine supplementation, administered in the short-term, demonstrably reduced CRP, AST levels, and simultaneously elevated hemoglobin levels in COVID-19 ICU patients. The encouraging results suggest curcumin as an additional treatment option for COVID-19, although specific parameters did not respond to the intervention.
For nearly three years, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, better known as COVID-19, has cast a shadow over the globe. While vaccines are now in use, the pandemic's persistence and the current paucity of authorized, effective medications highlight the importance of developing novel treatment options. Given its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, curcumin, a nutraceutical derived from food sources, is now being evaluated for its potential in combating COVID-19, both in prevention and treatment. Curcumin's efficacy in delaying SARS-CoV-2's cellular entry, hindering its replication inside cells, and controlling the virus's inflammatory response is evidenced through its modulation of immune system regulators, minimizing the cytokine storm, and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system. The chapter investigates curcumin and its derivatives' role in the prevention and management of COVID-19, focusing on the interplay of the underlying molecular processes. The investigation will also incorporate molecular and cellular profiling methods as vital tools for pinpointing new biomarkers, designing drug targets, and creating innovative therapeutic approaches for improved patient outcomes.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, people worldwide implemented more healthy behaviors, hoping to reduce the transmission of the virus and, ideally, bolster their immune systems. Thus, the contribution of dietary patterns and food components, such as spices with bioactive and antiviral qualities, may be critical in these efforts. This chapter examines the effectiveness of spices like turmeric (curcumin), cinnamon, ginger, black pepper, saffron, capsaicin, and cumin, focusing on their influence on COVID-19 disease severity biomarkers.
Patients with compromised immune systems experience a reduced rate of seroconversion following COVID-19 vaccination. A prospective cohort study, conducted at Abu Ali Sina hospital in Iran from March to December 2021, investigated the connection between humoral immunity and short-term clinical outcomes in solid organ transplant recipients vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV; Sinopharm). For this study, transplant recipients 18 years of age or older were chosen. Two Sinopharm vaccine doses were given to each patient, with a four-week gap between them. Immunogenicity was gauged by evaluating antibodies targeted against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, post-first and second vaccine doses. A 6-month post-vaccination follow-up study on 921 transplant patients displayed results: 115 (12.5%) participants exhibited acceptable anti-S-RBD immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels following the first dose, and 239 (26%) after the second dose. An alarming 868 percent of 80 patients contracted COVID-19, resulting in 45 patients, or 49 percent of those infected, requiring hospitalization. The follow-up period was marked by the absence of any patient deaths. A total of 24 (109%) liver transplant recipients experienced elevated liver enzymes, and 86 (135%) kidney transplant recipients demonstrated elevated serum creatinine. A biopsy demonstrated rejection in two patients, without any loss of the grafted organ.
The COVID-19 pandemic, commencing in December 2019, has stimulated a relentless worldwide search by scientists to find a way to control this global issue. The COVID-19 vaccine's development and subsequent global distribution are amongst the most successful and practical responses to the pandemic. Nevertheless, a small fraction of vaccinations can trigger or worsen pre-existing immune or inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis. Due to the immunomodulatory effects of this condition, including psoriasis and other related dermatological issues, individuals are strongly encouraged to receive COVID-19 vaccinations, which similarly function as immunomodulators. Thus, skin reactions are possible in these individuals, and instances of psoriasis developing, escalating, or modifying in presentation have been identified in patients who received COVID-19 vaccinations. Given the infrequent and typically mild nature of certain skin reactions following COVID-19 vaccination, the overall advantages of vaccination are widely considered to surpass the possible risks associated with these side effects. Nevertheless, medical professionals who inoculate should have knowledge of the possible hazards and provide recipients with proper advice. BMS-502 in vivo Beyond that, careful monitoring of potential detrimental autoimmune and hyperinflammatory responses is recommended, using point-of-care biomarker assessments.