Specific imaging modality availability, cost constraints, absence of standardized protocols, and the lack of definitive abdominal trauma guidelines contribute to the observed pattern of abdominal trauma imaging in LMICs.
Abdominal trauma imaging was mainly accomplished via ultrasound and plain abdominal radiography in this situation. The pattern of abdominal trauma imaging in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is a product of limited access to particular imaging technologies, economic considerations, the absence of standardized protocols for managing abdominal trauma, and the lack of specific procedures.
The standard of care for preventing post-cesarean wound infections in most developed medical facilities worldwide is single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis. While the practice differs significantly, in many developing countries like Nigeria, multiple-dose immunization schedules remain standard. This is partially due to the limited availability of locally produced data and observed, though anecdotal, concerns regarding a potentially higher risk of infectious disease in these regions.
This study was designed to evaluate the presence of a significant difference in the incidence of postoperative wound infections following cesarean delivery, comparing a single dose of intravenous ceftriazone to a 72-hour course in patients undergoing both planned and unplanned cesarean sections.
From January through June of 2016, a randomized controlled trial was undertaken on 170 consenting parturients, each slated for either an elective or emergency caesarean section, and meeting predetermined selection criteria. Using Windows WINPEPI software version 1165 (Copyright J.H. Abrahamson, 22 Aug 2016), the individuals were randomly sorted into two equal groups, A and B, with 85 individuals in each group. parenteral antibiotics Group A patients received a single 1 gram dose; Group B patients, however, received a 72-hour course of intravenous ceftriazone, at 1 gram per day. The primary outcome was the appearance of clinical wound infections. To assess the secondary outcomes, the incidences of clinical endometritis and febrile morbidity were tracked. Data acquisition utilized a structured proforma, and the subsequent analysis was performed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 21.
In terms of wound infection, the overall percentage was 112%; Group A presented a rate of 118%, and Group B had a rate of 106%. Endometritis showed a 206 percent increase. Group A had a rate of 20 percent, and Group B displayed a rate of 212 percent. Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis In terms of febrile morbidity, 41% were observed; this encompassed 35% within Group A and 47% within Group B. There was no statistically important difference in the frequency of wound infections; the relative risk was calculated as 1.113 (95% confidence interval: 0.433 to 2.927).
A relative risk of 0.943 (95% confidence interval: 0.442 to 1.953) was observed for endometritis, along with a finding of 0808.
The risk ratio (RR) for febrile morbidity, occurring at 0850, was 0.745 (95% CI: 0.161-3.415).
At 0700, a significant distinction was noted between the two groups. Group A exhibited a comparable risk of wound infection to that observed in Group B.
> 005).
Ceftriazone prophylaxis, administered as a single dose or a 72-hour course, demonstrated no significant difference in post-cesarean wound infection and other infectious morbidity. Ceftriazone, when administered as a single dose for prophylaxis, exhibits similar efficacy to multiple-dose regimens, which may prove to be a more cost-efficient approach.
No substantial variation was observed in post-cesarean wound infection and other infectious complications between those receiving a one-time dose of ceftriazone and those receiving a three-day course as prophylaxis. Single-dose ceftriazone antibiotic prophylaxis demonstrates comparable efficacy to multiple-dose regimens, and potentially holds a cost-saving advantage.
Anesthetic management, postoperative pain, patient satisfaction, and postoperative morbidity are all affected by the high preoperative anxiety levels experienced by surgical patients. The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS)'s validity and brevity contribute to its attractiveness as a means of evaluating preoperative anxiety.
Our goal was to assess the widespread occurrence of and risk factors for preoperative anxiety in our surgical patient group.
Structured questionnaires, interviewer-administered, were employed to conduct a cross-sectional study among surgical patients. The patients' demographic and clinical details were part of the questionnaire, which further integrated the APAIS and numeric rating scale for anxiety instruments. From January 2021 to October 2022, the data collection procedure was undertaken. Using IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions, statistical software version 25, data entry and analysis tasks were completed. Continuous variables were summarized by their mean and standard deviation; in contrast, categorical variables were presented with their frequencies and proportions. Student's t-test and the chi-square test, statistical tools, are valuable in data analysis.
In the analysis, binary logistic regression, multivariate analysis, and correlation analysis were used. A statistical determination of significance was made by a
The magnitude of <005 is negative.
The study involved 451 patients, with a mean age of 39.4 years and a standard deviation of 14.4 years. The proportion of individuals experiencing clinically significant anxiety reached 244% (110 of 451). Among our study participants, female gender, tertiary education, lack of prior surgical experience, ASA grade 3, and patients scheduled for major surgery were significantly associated with higher preoperative anxiety levels.
Preoperative anxiety, clinically meaningful, was observed in a considerable amount of surgical patients.
A notable portion of surgical patients displayed clinically substantial levels of anxiety before surgery.
Characterizing the vascular system's anatomical structure and structural lesions quickly and effectively is achieved through the promising application of computed tomographic angiography (CTA).
The study intended to measure the occurrence and configuration of vascular anomalies in the northern part of Nigeria. We further endeavored to identify the correspondence between clinical and CTA diagnoses concerning vascular lesions.
Patients with CTA studies over a five-year timeframe formed the basis of our study. While 361 patients were slated for CTA procedures, a data analysis was ultimately completed on just 339 of these cases. In addition to this, patient information, encompassing their characteristics, clinical diagnoses, and CTA results, was obtained and analyzed. The categorical data's results were described by the proportions and percentages they represented. Employing the Cohen's kappa coefficient (a statistical parameter), the degree of agreement between clinical and CTA findings was determined. Constructed with meticulous care, this sentence weaves together a tapestry of meaning.
Statistical significance was attributed to the <005 value.
Of the subjects, their average age was 493 years (standard deviation 179), encompassing ages between 1 and 88 years, and 138 (407 percent) individuals identified as female. CTA scans revealed various abnormalities in a patient population of up to 223 individuals. Among the reported cases, 27 (80%) were aneurysms, 8 (24%) were arteriovenous malformations, and an exceptionally high number of 99 (292%) were stenotic atherosclerotic disease cases. The clinical diagnosis exhibited substantial concordance with the findings revealed by the CTA for intracranial aneurysms.
= 150%;
A consideration of pulmonary thromboembolism (0001) was made, .
= 43%;
The medical codes (0001) are directly relevant to the issue of coronary artery disease.
= 345%;
< 0001).
Referrals for CTA procedures yielded abnormal results in almost 70% of cases, stenotic atherosclerosis and aneurysm being prevalent amongst these abnormalities. Our investigation showcased the diagnostic significance of CTA across a spectrum of clinical scenarios, emphasizing the frequent occurrence of vascular anomalies in our region, previously considered rare.
A significant portion, roughly 70%, of patients referred for CTA examinations exhibited abnormal findings, with stenotic atherosclerosis and aneurysms frequently observed. Our investigation underscored the diagnostic significance of CTA scans in diverse clinical presentations, emphasizing the frequent occurrence of vascular abnormalities within our community, previously considered rare.
Glaucoma is a public health issue that affects Nigeria. A substantial number of Nigerians experience glaucoma, greatly exceeding the recorded instances. Ocular parameters, including intraocular pressure, central cornea thickness, axial length and refractive error, have been implicated in glaucoma, particularly among Caucasians and African Americans, while there's a significant gap in documentation for African populations, where rates of blindness remain unacceptably high.
In South-West Nigeria, a comparative study assessed central cornea thickness (CCT), intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AL), and refractive state in participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and those without the condition.
Among 184 adult patients, newly diagnosed with either primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or no glaucoma, a hospital-based case-control investigation took place at the Eleta eye institute outpatient clinic. Each participant underwent assessments of the central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, axial length, and refractive status. TMP195 Using the chi-square test (2), the statistical significance of proportional differences in categorical variables was assessed for each group. The application of independent t-tests compared means, with Pearson correlation coefficients used for the analysis of parameter correlations.
A calculation of the mean age for the POAG group yielded 5716 ± 133 years. A similar calculation for the non-glaucoma group yielded 5415 ± 134 years. The primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) group exhibited an average intraocular pressure (IOP) of 302 mmHg, with a standard deviation of 89 mmHg. Conversely, the non-glaucoma group demonstrated a significantly lower mean IOP of 142 mmHg, with a standard deviation of 26 mmHg.