Languages boasting extensive inflectional morphology are characterized by a large number of distinct tokens, thereby weakening the topics. This problem is often averted through the strategic use of lemmatization. The morphological richness of Gujarati is exemplified by a single word's capacity to take on various inflectional forms. The Gujarati lemmatization method described in this paper utilizes a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) to derive root words from lemmas. From this lemmatized collection of Gujarati text, the subject matter is subsequently deduced. Statistical divergence measurements are our method for identifying topics that are semantically less coherent and overly general. The lemmatized Gujarati corpus, according to the results, demonstrates learning more interpretable and meaningful subjects than the equivalent unlemmatized text. Subsequently, vocabulary size shrank by 16%, while semantic coherence, as measured by Log Conditional Probability, Pointwise Mutual Information, and Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information, exhibited improvements from -939 to -749, -679 to -518, and -023 to -017, respectively.
This work focuses on the development of a new eddy current testing array probe and its corresponding readout electronics, specifically for ensuring layer-wise quality control in powder bed fusion metal additive manufacturing. The design approach under consideration promotes the scalability of the number of sensors, investigates alternative sensor components, and streamlines the process of signal generation and demodulation. Surface-mounted technology coils, small in size and readily available commercially, were assessed as a substitute for typically used magneto-resistive sensors, revealing their attributes of low cost, adaptable design, and effortless integration with readout electronics. Considering the specifics of sensor signals' characteristics, various strategies were suggested to optimize the performance of readout electronics. We propose an adjustable single-phase coherent demodulation strategy, which serves as a replacement for the conventional in-phase and quadrature techniques, under the premise that the monitored signals display minimal phase inconsistencies. Implementing a simplified amplification and demodulation frontend using discrete components, offset removal was integrated, along with vector amplification and digital conversion executed by the advanced mixed-signal peripherals within the microcontroller. Simultaneously with the non-multiplexed digital readout electronics, an array probe, containing 16 sensor coils with a 5 mm pitch, was realized. This configuration allows for a sensor frequency of up to 15 MHz, a 12-bit digital resolution, and a 10 kHz sampling rate.
Evaluating the performance of a communication system at the physical or link layer becomes facilitated by a wireless channel digital twin, which permits the creation of a controlled physical channel model. A new stochastic general fading channel model is introduced in this paper, accounting for a wide range of channel fading types in diverse communication environments. The use of sum-of-frequency-modulation (SoFM) effectively dealt with the phase discontinuity problem in the simulated channel fading. Employing this foundation, a flexible and general-purpose channel fading generation architecture was developed, specifically targeting an FPGA platform. For trigonometric, exponential, and logarithmic functions, this architecture introduced enhanced CORDIC-based hardware circuits. This improvement produced a more efficient real-time system and optimized hardware resource use compared to traditional LUT and CORDIC techniques. Utilizing a compact time-division (TD) structure in a 16-bit fixed-point single-channel emulation resulted in a considerable decrease in overall system hardware resource consumption, from 3656% to a more manageable 1562%. Besides, the standard CORDIC technique added 16 system clock cycles of latency, whereas the enhanced CORDIC method reduced the latency by a staggering 625%. Ginkgolic in vitro After extensive research, a technique for generating correlated Gaussian sequences was formulated. This technique enables the introduction of controllable arbitrary space-time correlation within a multiple-channel channel generation system. The developed generator's output, exhibiting consistent alignment with theoretical results, verified the precision of the generation methodology and the hardware implementation. The proposed channel fading generator can be utilized to emulate large-scale multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) channels across diverse dynamic communication situations.
The network sampling process's impact on infrared dim-small target features diminishes detection accuracy significantly. To lessen the loss, this paper proposes YOLO-FR, a YOLOv5 infrared dim-small target detection model, based on feature reassembly sampling. Feature reassembly sampling scales the feature map without adding or subtracting feature information. During the downsampling process in this algorithm, an STD Block is employed to retain spatial characteristics within the channel dimension. Subsequently, the CARAFE operator expands the feature map's size while preserving the mean feature value; this protects features from distortions related to relational scaling. In this study, an enhanced neck network is designed to make the most of the detailed features extracted by the backbone network. The feature after one level of downsampling from the backbone network is fused with the high-level semantic information through the neck network to create the target detection head with a limited receptive field. The YOLO-FR model, introduced in this paper, exhibits compelling experimental results: an mAP50 of 974%, signifying a remarkable 74% improvement over the existing architecture. Subsequently, it demonstrated superior performance compared to both the J-MSF and YOLO-SASE models.
This paper explores the problem of distributed containment control for continuous-time linear multi-agent systems (MASs) with multiple leaders positioned on a fixed topology. A distributed control protocol is presented, dynamically compensating for parameters, by incorporating information from the virtual layer's observer and neighboring active agents. The distributed containment control's necessary and sufficient conditions are derived using the standard linear quadratic regulator (LQR). Utilizing the modified linear quadratic regulator (MLQR) optimal control strategy and Gersgorin's circle criterion, the dominant poles are established, resulting in containment control of the MAS, with a prescribed speed of convergence. The design's robustness is further highlighted by the fact that a virtual layer failure triggers a shift from the dynamic to static control protocol. This transition allows for convergence speed control through the dominant pole assignment method combined with inverse optimal control, maintaining optimal performance. Numerical examples are provided to bolster the validity of the theoretical results.
A significant concern for large-scale sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure relates to battery life and the practicality of recharging them. Emerging technologies have presented a technique of harvesting energy from radio waves (RF), identified as radio frequency energy harvesting (RF-EH), proving beneficial for powering low-power networks in instances where cable connections or battery replacements aren't feasible. The technical literature analyzes energy harvesting strategies in isolation, failing to integrate them with the essential transmitter and receiver functionalities. Therefore, the energy dedicated to data transmission is unavailable for concurrent battery replenishment and informational decryption. For a further enhancement of the existing methods, a sensor network utilizing semantic-functional communication is presented for the recovery of battery charge data. Moreover, a design for an event-driven sensor network is presented, where batteries are recharged using the RF-EH method. Testis biopsy We examined event signaling, event detection, instances of insufficient battery power, and the rate of successful signal transmission, alongside the Age of Information (AoI), to assess system performance. Using a representative case study, we delve into the correlation between the main parameters and system behavior, including a discussion of battery charge dynamics. The proposed system's merit is substantiated by the numerical analysis results.
A fog node, in a fog computing arrangement, is a local device that responds to client requests and channels data to the cloud for processing. Encrypted data from patient sensors, relayed to a nearby fog node, enables a re-encryption process. This fog node, functioning as a proxy, then creates a re-encrypted ciphertext directed at specific data recipients in the cloud. Porta hepatis Data users can initiate access requests for cloud ciphertexts via a query directed to the fog node. The fog node in turn relays the query to the appropriate data owner, who maintains the right to grant or deny access to their own data. The fog node will obtain a unique, newly generated re-encryption key for the re-encryption process, contingent upon the access request being approved. While several prior concepts aimed to meet these application needs, they either exhibited vulnerabilities or involved substantial computational overhead. Employing the principles of fog computing, we describe an identity-based proxy re-encryption scheme in this contribution. Our identity-based key distribution system utilizes public channels, thus avoiding the cumbersome key escrow problem. Our proposed protocol's security, as formally proven, meets the stringent requirements of the IND-PrID-CPA framework. Subsequently, we present evidence that our work outperforms others in terms of computational complexity.
Ensuring an uninterrupted power supply necessitates daily achievement of power system stability by every system operator (SO). Ensuring suitable communication between Service Organizations (SOs), especially in case of contingencies, is crucial for each SO, predominantly at the transmission level.